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CentOS/Fedora 不同配置/变体都默认安装了什么软件(组)

for https://cossig.org(CentOS 中文特别兴趣小组) link: https://www.cossig.org/391-centos-fedora-default-softwares 所以我这回不用英文了哈哈

CentOS

CentOS 安装时可选不同的配置

/dongdigua/mirror.dongdigua.github.io/media/commit/b5ac4287b8de35fd31fde158a9a91a8626427fc4/images/centos_install_config.png 其实这些就是不同的软件组 CentOS-Stream 8 为例, 定义软件组的文件是 comps.xml 左边的基本环境就是 <environment> tag 列表 一共有11个

  <environment variant="BaseOS">
    <id>custom-environment</id>
    <name>Custom Operating System</name>
    <display_order>5</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment variant="BaseOS">
    <id>minimal-environment</id>
    <name>Minimal Install</name>
    <display_order>4</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment>
    <id>server-product-environment</id>
    <name>Server</name>
    <display_order>2</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment arch="aarch64,s390x,ppc64le,x86_64">
    <id>graphical-server-environment</id>
    <name>Server with GUI</name>
    <display_order>1</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment variant="BaseOS">
    <id>cloud-server-environment</id>
    <name>Cloud Server</name>
    <display_order>3</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment variant="BaseOS">
    <id>web-server-environment</id>
    <name>Web Server</name>
    <display_order>50</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment>
    <id>infrastructure-server-environment</id>
    <name>Infrastructure Server</name>
    <display_order>60</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment variant="AppStream" arch="x86_64,ppc64le">
    <id>developer-workstation-environment</id>
    <name>Development and Creative Workstation</name>
    <display_order>90</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment variant="AppStream" arch="x86_64,ppc64le">
    <id>gnome-desktop-environment</id>
    <name>GNOME Desktop</name>
    <display_order>80</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment variant="AppStream" arch="x86_64,ppc64le">
    <id>workstation-product-environment</id>
    <name>Workstation</name>
    <display_order>3</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>
  <environment variant="AppStream" arch="x86_64">
    <id>virtualization-host-environment</id>
    <name>Virtualization Host</name>
    <display_order>70</display_order>
    <!---->
  </environment>

但还是对不上, 应该很接近了…吧?

想起来不联网是没法选择安装软件的 然后瞅一眼产生的临时文件 /tmp/dnf.cache/

├── appstream-831abc7e9d6a1a72
│  ├── metalink.xml
│  └── repodata
│     ├── 95f4408838f85e23117d7d89ab47e1029692a443722e0e315fe3db07c32ee573-modules.yaml.xz
│     ├── 2047121fda8828f9b4d611cbfb736a89048cb411356e7ac2bdd95d927d044791-filelists.xml.gz
│     ├── e27fd8f9028bdc339a014f95debd07da4ef7b217522d14721af050aa9e7cf93e-primary.xml.gz
│     ├── f0d518764a274c71de0773b3590932ded56234b2f6ac4bf025d125b7ed29269f-comps-AppStream.x86_64.xml
│     ├── gen
│     │  └── groups.xml
│     └── repomd.xml
├── baseos-044cae74d71fe9ea
│  ├── metalink.xml
│  └── repodata
│     ├── 88ded6c02c5c3c62ab02250505cf0b8dee3af85819b666731c3cf813c275db6c-primary.xml.gz
│     ├── b47aeefede03d4d530f4538bf8f73531fd1a6a2bb66ca1778e3423c4dec34121-filelists.xml.gz
│     ├── d52d95f0f2d1a56b197a698aa328813a7e45e2d5b2883e04f4a3f604638b7a4a-comps-BaseOS.x86_64.xml
│     ├── gen
│     │  └── groups.xml
│     └── repomd.xml

那里面的 *-comps-*.xml 的 <environment> 的 <display_order> 就正好是 1~4 和两个 99

comps-AppStream.x86_64.xml

  <environment>
    <id>graphical-server-environment</id>
    <name>Server with GUI</name>
    <description>An integrated, easy-to-manage server with a graphical interface.</description>
    <display_order>1</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>base-x</groupid>
      <groupid>container-management</groupid>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
      <groupid>fonts</groupid>
      <groupid>gnome-desktop</groupid>
      <groupid>guest-desktop-agents</groupid>
      <groupid>hardware-monitoring</groupid>
      <groupid>hardware-support</groupid>
      <groupid>headless-management</groupid>
      <groupid>internet-browser</groupid>
      <groupid>multimedia</groupid>
      <groupid>networkmanager-submodules</groupid>
      <groupid>print-client</groupid>
      <groupid>server-product</groupid>
      <groupid>standard</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>
  <environment>
    <id>server-product-environment</id>
    <name>Server</name>
    <description>An integrated, easy-to-manage server.</description>
    <display_order>2</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>container-management</groupid>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
      <groupid>hardware-support</groupid>
      <groupid>headless-management</groupid>
      <groupid>server-product</groupid>
      <groupid>standard</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>
  <environment>
    <id>virtualization-host-environment</id>
    <name>Virtualization Host</name>
    <description>Minimal virtualization host.</description>
    <display_order>99</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>base</groupid>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
      <groupid>standard</groupid>
      <groupid>virtualization-hypervisor</groupid>
      <groupid>virtualization-tools</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>
  <environment>
    <id>workstation-product-environment</id>
    <name>Workstation</name>
    <description>Workstation is a user-friendly desktop system for laptops and PCs.</description>
    <display_order>4</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>base-x</groupid>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
      <groupid>fonts</groupid>
      <groupid>gnome-desktop</groupid>
      <groupid>guest-desktop-agents</groupid>
      <groupid>hardware-support</groupid>
      <groupid>internet-browser</groupid>
      <groupid>multimedia</groupid>
      <groupid>networkmanager-submodules</groupid>
      <groupid>print-client</groupid>
      <groupid>standard</groupid>
      <groupid>workstation-product</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>

comps-BaseOS.x86_64.xml

  <environment>
    <id>custom-environment</id>
    <name>Custom Operating System</name>
    <description>Basic building block for a custom RHEL system.</description>
    <display_order>99</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>
  <environment>
    <id>minimal-environment</id>
    <name>Minimal Install</name>
    <description>Basic functionality.</description>
    <display_order>3</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>
  <environment>
    <id>server-product-environment</id>
    <name>Server</name>
    <description>An integrated, easy-to-manage server.</description>
    <display_order>2</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
      <groupid>hardware-support</groupid>
      <groupid>headless-management</groupid>
      <groupid>server-product</groupid>
      <groupid>standard</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>

Fedora

Fedora 分不同的变体, 常见的是 Server 和 Workstation 与 CentOS 不同, Fedora 是在 kickstarts 定义的变体 在 [Payload] 中定义了安装哪些软件(组) 然后根据 comps.xml 就知道安装了什么软件

Workstation

workstation-product-environment

  <environment>
    <id>workstation-product-environment</id>
    <_name>Fedora Workstation</_name>
    <_description>Fedora Workstation is a user friendly desktop system for laptops and PCs.</_description>
    <display_order>2</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>base-x</groupid>
      <groupid>container-management</groupid>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
      <groupid>firefox</groupid>
      <groupid>fonts</groupid>
      <groupid>gnome-desktop</groupid>
      <groupid>guest-desktop-agents</groupid>
      <groupid>hardware-support</groupid>
      <groupid>libreoffice</groupid>
      <groupid>multimedia</groupid>
      <groupid>networkmanager-submodules</groupid>
      <groupid>printing</groupid>
      <groupid>workstation-product</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>

Server

server-product-environment

  <environment>
    <id>server-product-environment</id>
    <name>Server</name>
    <display_order>2</display_order>
    <grouplist>
      <groupid>server-product</groupid>
      <groupid>standard</groupid>
      <groupid>core</groupid>
      <groupid>hardware-support</groupid>
      <groupid>headless-management</groupid>
      <groupid>container-management</groupid>
    </grouplist>
    <optionlist><!----></optionlist>
  </environment>

What I want

花了一阵从 comps.xml 里搜所有安装界面的选项, 只有几个我能全选, 别的就慢慢手动安吧 (emacs web-mode 和 ripgrep 是好帮手)

my choice

  <group>
    <id>standard</id>
    <_name>Standard</_name>
    <_description>Common set of utilities that extend the minimal installation.</_description>
    <default>false</default>
    <uservisible>false</uservisible>
    <packagelist><!----></packagelist>
  </group>
  <group>
    <id>c-development</id>
    <_name>C Development Tools and Libraries</_name>
    <_description>These tools include core development tools such as automake, gcc and debuggers.</_description>
    <default>false</default>
    <uservisible>true</uservisible>
    <packagelist>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">autoconf</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">automake</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">binutils</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">bison</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">flex</packagereq>
      <packagereq basearchonly="true" type="mandatory">gcc</packagereq>
      <packagereq basearchonly="true" type="mandatory">gcc-c++</packagereq>
      <packagereq basearchonly="true" type="mandatory">gdb</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">glibc-devel</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">libtool</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">make</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">pkgconf</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">strace</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">byacc</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">ccache</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">cscope</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">ctags</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">elfutils</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">indent</packagereq>
      <packagereq basearchonly="true" type="default">ltrace</packagereq>
      <packagereq basearchonly="true" type="default">perf</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">valgrind</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">astyle</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">cbmc</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">check</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">cmake</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">coan</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">cproto</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">ElectricFence</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">insight</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">nasm</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">pscan</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">python3-scons</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">remake</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">scorep</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">splint</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">yasm</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">zzuf</packagereq>
    </packagelist>
  </group>
  <group>
    <id>container-management</id>
    <_name>Container Management</_name>
    <_description>Tools for managing Linux containers</_description>
    <default>false</default>
    <uservisible>true</uservisible>
    <packagelist>
      <packagereq type="default">podman</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">buildah</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">flatpak</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">flatpak-builder</packagereq>
    </packagelist>
  </group>
  <group>
    <id>rpm-development-tools</id>
    <_name>RPM Development Tools</_name>
    <_description>These tools include core development tools such rpmbuild.</_description>
    <default>false</default>
    <uservisible>true</uservisible>
    <packagelist>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">redhat-rpm-config</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="mandatory">rpm-build</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">koji</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">mock</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="default">rpmdevtools</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">pungi</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="optional">rpmlint</packagereq>
    </packagelist>
  </group>
  <group>
    <id>multimedia</id>
    <_name>Multimedia</_name>
    <_description>Audio/video framework common to desktops</_description>
    <default>false</default>
    <uservisible>false</uservisible>
    <packagelist>
      <packagereq>alsa-ucm</packagereq>
      <packagereq>alsa-utils</packagereq>
      <packagereq>gstreamer1-plugin-libav</packagereq>
      <packagereq>gstreamer1-plugin-openh264</packagereq>
      <packagereq>gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free</packagereq>
      <packagereq>gstreamer1-plugins-good</packagereq>
      <packagereq>gstreamer1-plugins-ugly-free</packagereq>
      <packagereq>PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin</packagereq>
      <packagereq>pipewire-alsa</packagereq>
      <packagereq>pipewire-gstreamer</packagereq>
      <packagereq>pipewire-pulseaudio</packagereq>
      <packagereq>pipewire-utils</packagereq>
      <packagereq>wireplumber</packagereq>
      <packagereq type="conditional" requires="gstreamer">gstreamer-plugins-espeak</packagereq>
    </packagelist>
  </group>

剩下的不在选项里, 只能和某些环境捆绑的组:

  • swaywm (没错, 因为 sway-desktop-environment 环境也有我不像要的包)
  • multimedia
  • fonts
  • development-libs

当我越来越追求极简主义的时候, 我真的适合再接着用 Fedora 吗? 我可能就是需要一个机会尝试其他发行版了. 我剩下的牢骚在这: https://dongdigua.github.io/cleanup_home.gmi.txt